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There are still many open scientific questions about the moon, including whether humans will one day be able to live there. This book looks at the history of the moon's orbit and the prospects of in situ lunar science, the radiation impact on the lunar surface, the resistance of settlement materials on the moon under the conditions of protecting humans on-site, and the preparation of humans for space missions.
Astronomy. --- Moon. --- Earth (Planet) --- Satellite
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Microvibrations management is a very important task in view of improving the quality of operation of modern satellites. Microvibrations can resonate with the structural modes of the satellite and its components and impact the results of the payload. This master thesis describes the development of a microvibration damper for reaction wheels, which are a great source of these vibrations. In the introduction, a review of the state of the art is conducted with the aim of determining which existing solutions seem suitable for the current problem. Other solutions are proposed later in this work. Then, a benchmarking of reaction wheels is performed as well as an analytical modelling of their dynamic behavior, in an attempt to make the analysis of reaction wheels and the subsequent design of a microvibration damper scalable. This work allowed to conclude that this scalability is not possible. The design of the damper is thus conducted for the reaction wheel of interest. An initial trade-off is performed among all the considered vibration isolation systems. Elastomeric materials and their peculiarities are presented and silicone rubber is chosen for the present design. Finite element simulations are performed with the software Siemens NX in order to study the effect of temperature, shape and dimensions, and to compute the transfer function of the reaction wheel assembly (RWA). Based on these analyses, a baseline solution is defined, consisting of four conical elastomeric dampers providing the required attenuation. Finally, the conclusion discusses the limitations of the proposed solution and some recommendations are made for further improvements.
microvibration --- satellite --- reaction wheel --- damper --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Ingénierie aérospatiale
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Global Positioning System. --- Satellite geodesy. --- Artificial satellites in geodesy --- Geodesy --- Geodetic satellites --- Global Navigation Satellite System --- GNSS (Navigational system) --- GPS (Navigational system) --- Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging Global Positioning System --- NAVSTAR GPS --- Artificial satellites in navigation --- Mobile geographic information systems
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Artificial satellites in navigation --- Artificial satellites in telecommunication. --- Communication satellites --- Communications-relay satellites --- Communications satellites --- Global satellite communications systems --- Satellite communication systems --- Telecommunication satellites --- Telecommunications satellites --- Telstar satellites --- Telecommunication --- Navigation
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Artificial satellites in navigation --- Artificial satellites in telecommunication. --- Communication satellites --- Communications-relay satellites --- Communications satellites --- Global satellite communications systems --- Satellite communication systems --- Telecommunication satellites --- Telecommunications satellites --- Telstar satellites --- Telecommunication --- Navigation
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Remote-sensing images --- Earth sciences --- Remote sensing --- Earth (Planet) --- Observations --- Images, Remote-sensing --- Satellite images --- Side-looking airborne radar images --- SLAR (Side-looking airborne radar) --- Cartographic materials --- Earth
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L’introduction de cultures intermédiaires (CI) permettant de couvrir les sols en période automnale/hivernale est une pratique qui présente de nombreux intérêts agronomiques et environnementaux, dont l’amélioration potentielle du bilan carbone de l’activité culturale. Au-delà de cet effet dit biogéochimique, la modification de l’état de la surface induit un effet dit biophysique, par la modification de sa réflectivité (albédo), ce qui peut provoquer un forçage radiatif et donc affecter le climat. Ce travail a pour but d’évaluer le forçage radiatif induit par l’introduction de CI (moutarde en 2017 et avoine/féverole en 2019) dans la rotation culturale sur le site de la tour à flux ICOS de Lonzée et de le comparer au bilan carbone du site. En l’absence de dispositif expérimental pairé (sol nu/CI), une méthodologie a été développée pour déterminer l’albédo de référence (sol nu) nécessaire au calcul du forçage radiatif. Une approche de modélisation de l’albédo sol nu sur base des mesures in situ et une approche de mesure de l’albédo par outil satellitaire ont été testées. Pour la première approche (in situ), la teneur en eau du sol en surface et l’indice de clarté ont été identifiés comme les variables directrices principales de l’albédo sur sol nu. Une régression multilinéaire a été construite sur base de ces deux variables. La deuxième approche (satellitaire) a permis, sur base des données Sentinel-2 et d’une combinaison des indices NDVI et BSI, d’identifier des parcelles adjacentes avec sol nu et d’estimer leur albédo au moment où la parcelle ICOS avait une CI. L’approche est prometteuse mais souffre d’un manque de représentativité temporelle, la présence de nuages rendant beaucoup d’images inutilisables en période de CI (automne/hiver). Pour l’obtention d’un forçage radiatif, la première approche (in situ) a été privilégiée. Ainsi, pour une variation moyenne d’albédo de 5%, un forçage radiatif de -5,4 W.m−2 a été observée. De plus, pour une rotation de culture dans laquelle la CI serait introduite une année sur deux dans les mêmes conditions qu’en 2019 à Lonzée,le forçage radiatif, par unité de surface, sur une période de 100 ans pourrait entraîner une diminution des émissions de 𝐶𝑂2 atmosphérique de 2,8 𝑘𝑔C𝑂2-eq. m−2 (7,6 tC.ha−1). Cette information vient apporter plus d’intérêt à la CI qui était déjà valorisée pour ses nombreux services écosystémiques.
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Introduction to GNSS Geodesy is a concise reference for beginners and experts in GNSS-based satellite geodesy. It covers all of the important concepts in almost a third of the space of the other GNSS books. Th e book begins with a case study in Augmented Reality to set the stage for what is to come and then moves on to the key elements of GNSS geodesy that make accurate and precise geopositioning possible. For example, it is important to understand the geodetic reference systems and the associated GNSS data processing strategies that enable both accurate and high-precision geopositioning. Chapter 2 gives an overview of GNSS constellations and signals, highlighting important characteristics. Chapter 3 then introduces reference systems in geodesy, covering such topics as time systems, geodetic datums, coordinate systems, coordinate conversions and transformations, and International Terrestrial Reference Frame. Th is lays the framework for the rest of the book. Chapters 4 and 5 dig deep into mathematical formulation of GNSS parameter estimation and observation models. All the concepts are presented clearly and concisely, with diagrams to assist reader comprehension. Chapter 6 describes Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) networks and their role in geodesy and definition of reference frames. Various global and regional CORS networks are presented in this section. Th e chapter also covers GNSS data and common formats such as RINEX and RTCM. Chapter 7 introduces the whole cycle of GNSS data processing, including preprocessing, ambiguity fixing, and solution reprocessing methods as commonly used in both epoch solutions and time series data. Th e book concludes with appendices on orbit modelling, GNSS linear combinations, application examples, and an example linear model.
Measuring methods in physics --- Geology. Earth sciences --- Mining industry --- Chemical technology --- Geography --- meetmethoden --- GIS (geografisch informatiesysteem) --- meettechniek --- mijnbouw --- geologie --- Global Positioning System. --- Satellite geodesy.
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Seismology. --- Global Positioning System. --- Seismography --- Geophysics --- Earthquakes --- Geodesy. --- Global Navigation Satellite System --- GNSS (Navigational system) --- GPS (Navigational system) --- Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging Global Positioning System --- NAVSTAR GPS --- Artificial satellites in navigation --- Mobile geographic information systems --- Degrees of latitude and longitude --- Geodetics --- Geomatics --- Mathematical geography --- Surveying
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